Expression of IL-21 in the peripheral blood of myasthenia gravis patients and its correlation with anti-AChR-Ab class switch / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the role of IL-21 in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG) and its influence on the the class switch of anti-AChR antibodies.@*METHODS@#Blood was taken from 26 patients and 18 healthy controls, and the expression of IL-21R mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected by RT-PCR. The expression of IL-21R on B lymphocytes was measured by flow cytometry, while the concentrations of serum IL-21 and the levels of anti-AChR-IgG and its isotype IgG(1), IgG(2), and IgG(3) were tested by ELISA.@*RESULTS@#The serum concentration of IL-21 in the MG group was higher than that in the control group (31.686±8.499 pg/mL, 15.147±6.366 pg/mL) and the difference was significant (P0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression of IL-21R on B lymphocytes also increased in the MG group (P0.05). Expression of IL-21R mRNA in the PBMCs showed no correlation with the level of serum anti-AChR-IgG and its isotype IgG(1), IgG(2), and IgG(3), respectively(P>0.05); however the expression of IL-21R in B lymphocytes showed positive correlation with anti-AChR-IgG and it's isotype IgG(1) and IgG(3) (P0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#IL-21 might induce the class switch of anti-AChR antibodies to IgG(1) and IgG(3) isotype through IL-21R on B lymphocytes which promotes the pathogenesis of the MG.

Relationship between shen-deficiency syndrome and polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme gene in longevous elders in Bama area of Guangxi municipality / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between Shen-deficiency syndrome (SDS) and the insert/deficit (I/D) polymorphism types (PMTs) of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene in longevous elders in Bama area of Guangxi municipality.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The investigation on 27 centenarians (Group A), 56 elders of 90-99 years old (Group B) and 114 of 60-89 years old (Group C) was carried out by questionnaire, and the polymorphism was detected using polymerize chain reaction detection, single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, and direct sequencing technique. And the study was controlled by 79 naturally died elders within 60-70 years old.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The presenting frequencies of SDS in various PMT were D/D, I/D and I/I in rising order. The frequencies of PMT, I/I, I/D and D/D, were 37.04% (10/27), 33.33% (9/27), and 29.63% (8/27) respectively; the frequency rates of I and D alleles were 53.70% (29/54) and 46.30% (25/54) in Group A. Comparison of frequency of D/D and D allele between groups showed that Group A was significantly different to Group C (P<0.05) and also to the control (P<0.01), while all the frequencies in Group A and B were rather identical, showing insignificant difference (P>0.05). SSCP analysis showed no significant difference in D/D among groups. Outcomes of direct sequencing test further proved the correctness of I/D ACE polymorphism detection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SDS is closely correlated with ACE gene polymorphism and life span. Whereas, other multiple factors that influence longevity should also be taken into consideration.</p>

Molecular epidemiology of infectious bursal disease virus in Guangxi during the period of 2000 to 2007 / 病毒学报

Tissue samples of Fabricius' bursa collected from Nanning, Yulin, Beihai and Wuzhou in the provinces of Guangxi in China during the years of 2000-2007, were detected by a established reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique for IBDV. Viral isolation was performed on the positive samples by chicken embryo inoculation via chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM). Results showed that 27 isolates of IBDV were obtained. A set of primers were designed to amplify the vVP2 of 27 isolates by RT-PCR and the PCR products were sequenced. The sequences of all the isolates and reference viruses were analyzed and compared, and their phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the nucleotide sequences. The results indicated that isolate BH11, TZ(3), 050222, YL051, NN0603, NN0611and QX0602 etc, altogether 17 isolates, which accounted for 62.96 percent of total isolates, were identified to be very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) and have the highest homology to vvIBDV reference strains. In the phylogenetic analysis, they are divided into 3 groups and have a long distance to commonly used vaccine stains. Isolate NN040124 and YL052 were identified as intermediate-plus virulent strains and showed a highest homology to classical strains of 52-70 and STC. 8 isolates of YLZF2, 040131 etc were identified as attenuated vaccine strains and showed a highest homology to classical strain of CU1. The results from the study demonstrated that the viruses prevailing in chickens in these 4 regions in Guangxi province in the recently 7 years were vvIBDV and their origins were complex. The antigenicity of some isolates may have been drifted.

Construction and immunological characterization of recombinant Marek's disease virus expressing IBDV VP2 fusion protein / 生物工程学报

A transfer plasmid vector pUC18-US10-VP2 was first constructed by inserting the gene of the enhancer green fluorescent protein(eGFP) fused to the VP2 gene of very virulent Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) JS strain into the US10 fragment of the Marek's disease virus (MDV) CV1988/Rispens. The recombinant virus, designated as rMDV, was developed by co-transfecting CEF with the transfer plasmid vector and simultaneously infecting with the CVI988/Rispens virus. The PCR and IFA results indicated that the rMDV is stable after 31 passages. Chickens vaccinated with rMDV were protected from challenge with 100LD50 of IBDV JS. The protection ratio of the chickens vaccinated with the 1000PFU, 2000PFU, 5000PFU of the rMDV were 50%, 60%, and 80% respectively. It is interesting that the average histopathology BF lesion scores of chicken group immunized with 5000PFU of rMDV by one-time vaccination was close to that of chicken group vaccinated with IBDV live vaccine NF8 strain for twice (2.0/1.5). There is no difference in protection between the groups (P > 0.05) but significent difference between groups immunized with 5000 PFU of rMDV and with normal MDV. This demonstrated that rMDV expressing VP2 fusion protein was effective vaccine against IBDV in SPF chickens.

Cloning and Sequencing of Envelope Gene of Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus / 中国病毒学

The envelope gene of ADOL-4817 strain of avian leukosis viru s subgroup J (ALV-J) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and clo ned into TA vector. The sequence analysis results showed that the envelope gene is composed of 1?746 bp, 1?554 bp of which could be translated into 517 amino acids for gp85 and gp37. The molecular weight of envelope protein is 57.7kD. T here are 15 potential glycosylation sites in the envelope protein, 13 of which i s located in gp85. Analysis of sequences of envelope gene indicate that ADOL -4817 showed high degree of sequence identity to other ALV-J strains, and m ost close ly related to the like-envelope gene of endogenous virus EAV-HP but divergent from these of other ALV subgroup A-E . These data support the hypothesis that envelope gene of avian leukosis virus subgroup J maybe acquired by recombination with expressed sequences.

Key activities involved in conduct of clinical trials / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Key trial activities include: development of the trial protocol;development of standard operating procedures;development of support systems and tools;generation and approval of trial information documents;selection of trial sites and the selection of properly qualified,trained,and experienced investigators and study personnel;ethics committee review and approval of the protocol;review and approval by applicable regulatory authorities;enrollment of subjects into the study: recruitment,eligibility,and informed consent;the investigational product(s): quality,handling,and accounting;trial data acquisition: conducting the trial;trial data acquisition: conducting the trial; safety management and reporting;monitoring the trial;managing trial data;quality assurance of the trial performance and data;reporting the trial.